Tuesday 8 March 2016

Words for the times: Rules for Refugees. Exodus 22:20-23 (BHS) / Ex 22:21-14 (NRSV)

וְגֵ֥ר לֹא־תוֹנֶ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ  מִצְרָֽיִם׃
 
כָּל־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃
 
אִם־עַנֵּ֥ה תְעַנֶּ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־צָעֹ֤ק יִצְעַק֙ אֵלַ֔י שָׁמֹ֥עַ אֶשְׁמַ֖ע צַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃

 וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב וְהָי֤וּ נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ אַלְמָנ֔וֹת וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃

And as for the "ger": you shall not oppress, you shall not torment him, because you were "ger" in the land of Egypt.

Any widow or orphan, you shall not humiliate.

If you DO humiliate them, when they cry out to me, I will surely heed their cry.

And my anger will burn and I will kill you with the sword;  then your wives will be widows and your children orphans. (my translation)
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I double checked the definition of "ger", which is often translated as alien, or stranger, or resident alien.  Here is how HALOT defines it:

גֶר is a man who (alone or with his family) leaves village and tribe because of war 2S 43 Is 164 , famine Ru 11 , epidemic, blood guilt etc. and seeks shelter and residence at another place, where his right of landed property, marriage and taking part in jurisdiction, cult and war has been curtailed... 

I think the word we are looking for is "refugee".

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